Methodologies, Theories, & Techniques

English language teachers need to be informed of methodologies and theories in order to make informed decisions about their teaching practice. Understanding the underlying principles of different approaches can help teachers to design effective language learning activities, select appropriate materials, and provide meaningful feedback to learners. By being familiar with a range of methodologies and theories, teachers can also adapt their teaching to suit the needs and preferences of different learners. Being knowledgeable about different approaches to language teaching can help teachers to stay up-to-date with current research and trends in the field. This can help them to continually improve their practice and provide high-quality language education to their learners.

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References & Resources

Arnold, J., Pichta, H., & Rinvolucri, M. (2007). Imagine that! Mental imagery in the EFL classroom.
Brown, H. D. (2007). Principles of language learning and teaching (5th ed.).
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Chandler, J. & Stone, M. ([1999] 2009). The resourceful English teacher: A complete teaching companion.
Celce-Murcia, M. (2001). Teaching English as a Second or Foreign Language. 3rd Edition. Florence, USA: Cengage Learning. Chapter 1.
Gebhard, J. G. (2006). Teaching English as a foreign or second language (2nd ed.).
Harmer, J. (2007). The practice of English language teaching (4th ed.). Chapter 4
Hedge, T. (2000). Teaching and learning in the language classroom. Chapter 2
Larsen-Freeman, D. (2000). Techniques and principles in language teaching (2nd ed.)
Mackey, A., & Gass, S.L. (2005). Second language research: Methodology and design.
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Nunan, D. (Ed.) (2003). Practical English language teaching
Richard-Amato, P. A. (2009). Making it happen: From interactive to participatory language teaching: Evolving theory and practice (4th ed.).
Richards, J. C. & Renandya, W. A. (Eds.) (2002). Methodology in language teaching: An anthology of current practice
Richards, J.C. (2006). Communicative Language Teaching Today. New York: Cambridge University Press.
Richards, J.C. and Rogers, T.S. (2014). Approaches and Methods in Language Teaching. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Richards, J.C. (2015). Key Issues in Language Teaching. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Chapter 3.
Scrivener, J. (2011). Learning Teaching. The Essential Guide to English Language Teaching. Third Edition. London: Macmillan Education. Chapter 1(5).
Rodgers, T. S. & Richards, J. C. (2001). Approaches and methods in language, teaching (2nd ed.).
Watkins, P. (2005). Learning to teach English: A practical introduction for new teachers.